10th NIH Report on Carcinogens

10th Report on Carcinogens

http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/roc/

Carcinogen - Anything that initiates cancer-producing processes,
(or reduces the body’s natural cancer defense mechanisms).

Table of Contents

I. Introduction

II. Carcinogens Listed in the Tenth Report

A. Known to be Human Carcinogens
B. Reasonably Anticipated to be Human Carcinogens

III. Substance Profiles

Acetaldehyde
2-Acetylaminofluorene
Acrylamide
Acrylonitrile
Adriamycin^® (Doxorubicin Hydrochloride)
Aflatoxins
Alcoholic Beverage Consumption
2-Aminoanthraquinone
o-Aminoazotoluene
4-Aminobiphenyl
1-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone
2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline
Amitrole
o-Anisidine Hydrochloride
Arsenic Compounds, Inorganic
Asbestos
Azacitidine
Azathioprine
Benzene
Benzidine and Dyes Metabolized to Benzidine
Benzidine
Dyes Metabolized to Benzidine
Benzotrichloride
Beryllium and Beryllium Compounds
Bromodichloromethane
2,2-bis(Bromoethyl)-1,3-propanediol (Technical Grade)
1,3-Butadiene
1,4-Butanediol Dimethylsulfonate (Myleran^®)
Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA)
Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds
Carbon Tetrachloride
Ceramic Fibers (Respirable Size)
Chlorambucil
Chloramphenicol
Chlorendic Acid
Chlorinated Paraffins (C₁₂, 60% Chlorine)
1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea
1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU)
bis(Chloroethyl) nitrosourea
Chloroform
bis(Chloromethyl) Ether and Technical-Grade Chloromethyl Methyl Ether
3-Chloro-2-methylpropene
4-Chloro-o-phenylenediamine
Chloroprene
p-Chloro-o-toluidine and p-Chloro-o-toluidine Hydrochloride
Chlorozotocin
Chromium Hexavalent Compounds
C.I. Basic Red 9 Monohydrochloride
Cisplatin
Coal Tars and Coal Tar Pitches
Coke Oven Emissions
p-Cresidine
Cupferron
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclosporin A
Dacarbazine
Danthron (1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone)
2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate
2,4-Diaminotoluene
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1,2-Dibromoethane (Ethylene Dibromide)
2,3-Dibromo-1-propanol
tris(2,3-Dibromopropyl) Phosphate
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3´-Dichlorobenzidine and 3,3´-Dichlorobenzidine Dihydrochloride
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; (DDT)
1,2-Dichloroethane (Ethylene Dichloride)
Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride)
1,3-Dichloropropene (Technical Grade)
Diepoxybutane
Diesel Exhaust Particulates
Diethyl Sulfate
Diethylstilbestrol
Diglycidyl Resorcinol Ether
3,3´-Dimethoxybenzidine and Dyes Metabolized to 3,3´-Dimethoxybenzidine
3,3´-Dimethoxybenzidine
Dyes Metabolized to 3,3´-Dimethoxybenzidine
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
3,3´-Dimethylbenzidine and Dyes Metabolized to 3,3´-Dimethylbenzidine
3,3´-Dimethylbenzidine
Dyes Metabolized to 3,3´-Dimethylbenzidine
Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
Dimethyl Sulfate
Dimethylvinyl Chloride
1,4-Dioxane
Disperse Blue 1
Epichlorohydrin
Erionite
Estrogens, Steroidal
Ethylene Oxide
Ethylene Thiourea
di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate
Ethyl Methanesulfonate
Formaldehyde (Gas)
Furan
Glasswool (Respirable Size)
Glycidol
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachloroethane
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Hydrazine and Hydrazine Sulfate
Hydrazobenzene
Iron Dextran Complex
Isoprene
Kepone^® (Chlordecone)
Lead Acetate and Lead Phosphate
Lindane and Other Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers
Melphalan
Methoxsalen with Ultraviolet A Therapy (PUVA)
2-Methylaziridine (Propylenimine)
4,4´-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
4,4´-Methylenebis(N,N-dimethyl)benzenamine
4,4´-Methylenedianiline and its Dihydrochloride Salt
Methyleugenol
Methyl Methanesulfonate
N-Methyl-N´-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
Metronidazole
Michler's Ketone (4,4'-(Dimethylamino)benzophenone)
Mineral Oils (Untreated and Mildly Treated)
Mirex
Mustard Gas
2-Naphthylamine
Nickel Compounds and Metallic Nickel
Nickel Compounds
Metallic Nickel
Nitrilotriacetic Acid
o-Nitroanisole
Nitroarenes (selected)
1,6-Dinitropyrene
1,8-Dinitropyrene
6-Nitrochrysene
1-Nitropyrene
4-Nitropyrene
Nitrofen (2,4-Dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether)
Nitrogen Mustard Hydrochloride
2-Nitropropane
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosonornicotine
N-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
N-Nitrososarcosine
Norethisterone
Ochratoxin A
4,4´-Oxydianiline
Oxymetholone
Phenacetin and Analgesic Mixtures Containing Phenacetin
Phenacetin
Analgesic Mixtures Containing Phenacetin
Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride
Phenolphthalein
Phenoxybenzamine Hydrochloride
Phenytoin
Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs)
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 15 Listings
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[j]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Dibenz[a,h]acridine
Dibenz[a,j]acridine
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene
Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene
Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
5-Methylchrysene
Procarbazine Hydrochloride
Progesterone
1,3-Propane Sultone
ß-Propiolactone
Propylene Oxide
Propylthiouracil
Radon
Reserpine
Safrole
Selenium Sulfide
Silica, Crystalline (Respirable Size)
Soots
Streptozotocin
Strong Inorganic Acid Mists Containing Sulfuric Acid
Styrene-7,8-oxide
Sulfallate
Tamoxifen
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD); "Dioxin"
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)
Tetrafluoroethylene
Tetranitromethane
Thioacetamide
Thiotepa
Thiourea
Thorium Dioxide
Tobacco Related Exposures
Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Tobacco Smoking
Toluene Diisocyanate
o-Toluidine and o-Toluidine Hydrochloride
Toxaphene
Trichloroethylene
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
Ultraviolet Radiation Related Exposures
Broad-Spectrum Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation
Solar Radiation
Sunlamps or Sunbeds, Exposure to
Ultraviolet A Radiation
Ultraviolet B Radiation
Ultraviolet C Radiation
Urethane
Vinyl Bromide
Vinyl Chloride
4-Vinyl-1-cyclohexene Diepoxide
Vinyl Fluoride
Wood Dust

IV. Tables

Table 1.Chemicals Nominated to the NTP for In-Depth Toxicological Evaluation or Carcinogenesis Testing in Fiscal Years 1988-2001

Table 2.CDC/NIOSH Response to Inquiries about Carcinogens Listed in the Tenth Report on Carcinogens

V. Report on Carcinogens Listing/Delisting Procedures

Appendices

A. Manufacturing Processes, Occupations, and Exposure Circumstances Classified by IARC as Category 1, Carcinogenic to Humans

B. Agents, Substances, Mixtures, or Exposure Circumstances Delisted from the Report on Carcinogens

C. Agents, Substances, Mixtures, or Exposure Circumstances Reviewed but not Recommended for Listing in the Report on Carcinogens

D. List of Participants

E. Glossary

F. Acronyms and Abbreviations

G. Units of Measurement

H. CAS Registry Number Index

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We are surrounded by toxic chemicals!!!!

475 Toxic Chemicals in just One Shower

You take a shower, fix your hair and put on make-up.

It’s supposed to make you feel clean and renewed. But this might give you the opposite feeling.

The shower might have added 475 toxic chemicals to your body. Unfortunately, the skin absorbs what you put on in. That is just from one shower!

A lot of people apply lipstick and lotion several times a day. At night we wash of all the excess make-up and lotion but what happens to the toxins? Many of the absorbed, potentially toxic chemicals aren’t flushed out of the body. Instead they build up day after day, year after year, compromising your health.

Here are some alarming facts about the average number of chemicals found in everyday personal care products:

Product	Chemicals	Most worrying chemicals & some of their effects
Shampoo:	15	Sodium Lauryl Sulphate; Tetrasodium and Propbylene Glycol – possible eye damage
Eye Shadow:	26	Polythylene terephthalate – linked to cancer
Lipstick:	33	Polymenthyl methacrylate – also linked to cancer
Nail Varnish:	31	Phthalates – linked to fertility issues and problems in developing babies
Perfume:	250	Benzaldehyde – linked to kidney damage
Fake Tan:	22	Ethyl/Methyl/Propylparabens – possible hormonal disruption
Hairspray:	11	Octinoxate, Isophthalates – possible hormonal disruption, linked to change in cell structure
Blusher:	16	Ethyl/Methyl/Propylparabens – possible hormonal disruptions
Foundation:	24	Polymethyl methacrylates – possibly disrupts immune system, linked to cancer
Deodorant:	15	Isopropyl Myristate, ‘Parfum’ – possible respiratory problems
Body Lotion:	32	Methyl/Propylparabens, Polyethylene Glycol, also found in oven cleaners – possible hormonal disruption

The idea of adding potentially harmful toxins to your you body everyday is pretty unpleasant.

How do you know How Bad Your Products are?

Luckily the Environmental Working Group has set-up an free searchable database of toxic ingredients in cosmetic and personal care products.

Toxic Dryer Sheets & Cleaning Supplies

Toxic Dryer Sheets & Cleaning Supplies
Saturday, March 29, 2008

http://www.thenatureinus.com/2008/03/toxic-dryer-sheets-cleaning-supplies.html

When I was reading about information on what to leave out for birds to build their nests, the information specifically stated NOT to use dryer sheets. I wondered why. This is what I found. You can easily see why they could kill baby birds ... but what about our babies? Nobody needs to be using clothes and towels coated with these chemicals.

* Benzyl Acetate: Linked to pancreatic cancer

* Benzyl Alcohol: Upper respiratory tract irritant

* Ethanol: On the EPA's Hazardous Waste list and capable of causing central nervous system disorders

* A-Terpineol: Can cause respiratory problems, including fatal edema, and central nervous system damage

* Ethyl Acetate: A narcotic on the EPA's Hazardous Waste list

* Camphor: Causes central nervous system disorders

* Chloroform: Neurotoxin, anesthetic and carcinogen

* Linalool: A narcotic that causes central nervous system disorders

* Pentane: A chemical known to be harmful if inhaled

Even the liquid fabric softeners are filled with the same and similar chemicals. Our skin absorbs these things, especially when we sweat and our pores are wide open. Throw them away and use vinegar in your rinse cycle. I pour it where the fabric softener goes. It's been working for me for 20 years.

4 OTC Medicines You Want to Beware of Most

Four Over-the-Counter Medicines You Want to Beware of Most
by www.SixWise.com

http://www.sixwise.com/Newsletters/2008/December/26/Over-the-Counter-Medicines-You-Want-to-Beware-Of.htm?source=nl

In the United States there are more than 100,000 over-the-counter (OTC) medicines to treat everything from upset stomach to a sprained ankle. While these can at times increase your comfort when you’re not feeling well, they are not without risk.

More than 500,000 Americans end up in hospitals every year because of unintentional OTC drug overdoses, or due to OTC remedies interacting with other medications. There’s also a tendency for people to assume OTC drugs are completely safe, when in reality they all carry potential side effects, some of which are serious.

So the next time you think about taking a pain reliever for your headache or a cough suppressant for your cold, make sure you’re fully aware of the potential risks involved. Here we’ve outlined some of the OTC medicines you definitely need to use with caution.

1. Cough and Cold Medicines Containing Dextromethorphan (DXM)

DXM, a synthetically produced ingredient found in many over-the-counter cough and cold remedies, is widely available and has replaced codeine as the most widely used cough suppressant in the United States.

According to the National Youth Anti-Drug media campaign, over half of the OTC drugs on the market -- more than 125 products -- contain DXM.

According to the FDA, "Although DXM, when formulated properly and used in small amounts, can be safely used in cough suppressant medicines, abuse of the drug can cause death as well as other serious adverse events such as brain damage, seizure, loss of consciousness, and irregular heart beat."

2. Cough and Cold Medicines for Kids

Every year about 7,000 children under 11 go to the emergency room after taking cough and cold medicines, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The steep risks, combined with a lack of evidence proving effectiveness, led the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to recommend that cough and cold remedies not be used in children under the age of 6.

3. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Acetaminophen, sold under the brand name Tylenol and also included in more than 200 over-the-counter cold and flu remedies and other medications, is the most widely used painkiller in the United States. Up to 100 million Americans take acetaminophen every year.

The problem is that overdosing on Tylenol can cause serious liver damage, and it’s incredibly easy to overdose on this drug because it’s in so many different products.

Acetaminophen overdose is actually the leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States. While some of these stem from intentional overdoses (England has placed restrictions on the number of acetaminophen pills that can be sold at one time due to suicide concerns), many are accidental.

In fact, each year more than 56,000 people visit an emergency room because of acetaminophen overdoses, and 100 people die from unintentionally taking too much.

Further, a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that even at recommended doses, the drug shows signs of causing organ damage.

When taken at the highest recommended dose, experts say acetaminophen is generally safe, but acknowledge that the margin of error is very small.

4. Aspirin for Kids and Teens

Children under the age of 19 should not be given aspirin because it could lead to a rare, and sometimes fatal, illness known as Reye’s syndrome (RS). RS can quickly cause life-threatening damage to the liver and brain, and typically occurs in children or teens given aspirin while they were battling a viral illness. If you notice your child or teen vomiting or having diarrhea (in toddlers) three to six days after a viral illness, particularly if they’ve been given aspirin, get to an emergency room immediately.

How to Stay Safe: 4 Tips to Reduce Your Reliance on OTC Drugs

Ideally, the best way to reduce your risk of having an adverse reaction to a drug is to limit your exposure to them in the first place. This is something that can (and should) be done as a matter of course throughout your life by:

Eating plenty of health-promoting foods, and limiting junk foods.

Getting enough sleep every night. Once you are in bed, listen to a relaxation CD like the Sleep Easy CD to help you "shift gears" and relax into sleep.

Keeping stress to a minimum. This is easier said than done, of course, so for those of you who need a little help, we highly recommend the Pure Relaxation: Guided Meditations for Body, Mind & Spirit CD by respected meditation expert Mary Maddux.

Exercising regularly. Along with interval training, strength training and aerobics, stretching should be integrated with your exercise routine, as it will provide you with increased energy levels and a greater sense of well-being. There are countless stretches for your body, but it takes just 15 of them to stretch 95 percent of your body, according to stretching expert and creator of the DVD Stretching Toward a Healthier Life, Jacques Gauthier.