Showing posts with label solution: alternative energy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label solution: alternative energy. Show all posts

Wednesday, April 21, 2010

Excellent Article: This Earth Day we need more than a celebration, we need a clean energy revolution

This Earth Day we need more than a celebration, we need a clean energy revolution
by Dan Lashof 19 Apr 2010
Abridged; Link to full article below

This Earth Day we need more than a celebration. We need a clean energy revolution that creates 2 million jobs, cuts 2 billion tons, and saves 2 trillion dollars.

...

Senators John Kerry (D-Mass.), Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.), and Joe Lieberman(I-Conn.) (KGL) have been working on a bipartisan proposal for months. They are now expected to unveil it on April 26.

Here is what this legislation could do for our country:

Add 2 million jobs. Comprehensive clean energy and climate legislation will create jobs for three reasons. First, enacting legislation will end more than a decade of uncertainty about the direction of U.S. policy, allowing both big energy companies and entrepreneurial start-ups to invest with confidence that the recent growth in the clean energy market will only accelerate. Second, clean energy sources generate over three times as many jobs per dollar spent than traditional fossil energy supplies. Third, building a robust domestic clean energy market will position U.S. firms to compete effectively in the rapidly expanding global clean tech arena. A University of California study found that the energy and climate bill which passed the House in June could create as many as 1.9 million jobs by 2020. The Senate only needs to do slightly better to hit the 2 million job target.

Cut 2 billion tons. That's the scale of global warming pollution reductions we need by 2020 to get on track to avoid the worst dangers from global warming. The only way to achieve this target is to set effective limits on carbon pollution from all major sources and tighten those limits each year. Strong complementary policies are also needed to accelerate energy efficiency improvements and ease the transition to a renewable energy economy. And supplemental policies are needed to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. Both the House bill and the climate bill reported by the Senate Environment Committee last fall meet this two billion ton test. How will KGL match up?

Save 2 trillion dollars. That's the reduction in the amount of money we would send overseas to import oil over the next forty years if we enact an effective clean energy/climate bill according to NRDC's analysis. A comprehensive bill would achieve this in three ways. First, setting an overall limit on oil pollution and requiring oil companies to obtain emission permits to cover the carbon content of their products would create an incentive to shift to cleaner fuels and more efficient ways to get around that gets stronger every year. Second, setting stronger standards to reduce vehicle tailpipe emissions would continue the historic progress codified in the clean car rules that were finalized on April 1. Third, carbon dioxide captured from power plants and industrial facilities due to the pollution limits placed on those sources would be available to enhance oil production from aging oil fields in the United States without drilling in pristine areas. The
Senate appears to be even more focused on increasing our energy security than the House, so there is reason for optimism on this score.

Please read the full article:
http://www.grist.org/article/we-need-a-clean-energy-revolution/

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Wednesday, November 4, 2009

Sunflower Power? An Entrepreneur's First Steps

Sunflower Power? An Entrepreneur's First Steps
by Adam Burke
October 4, 2009 Link to full article below

When farmers in the town of Dove Creek, Colo., started planting sunflowers a few years ago, many of them were motivated by the promise of a decent income — not energy independence. But an activist-turned-entrepreneur named Jeff Berman had floated a proposal with a green hook: He told farmers if they grew sunflowers, he'd give them a renewable fuel source.

"Well, when we first came in we were going to produce biodiesel, from local, sustainably grown oil seeds, and allow the farmers to use that fuel, to grow the wheat and the beans that they also grow here," says Berman, chief executive officer of San Juan Bioenergy.

His part of the bargain was to build a facility in Dove Creek that could turn sunflower seeds into biodiesel. To do that, farmers would have to start producing sunflowers. Lots of them.

To read the full article: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=113222071

Thursday, July 2, 2009

Very Cool: My Wind Turbine

My Wind Turbine
June 8, 2009
Link to full article below

For several years, I have wanted to install a wind turbine to do even more to mitigate my impact on global warming. For the past 18 months, I've waited patiently for our local alternative energy company, Earth Turbines, to ready their product for market. Faced with ongoing delays while they perfect their technology I decided to go instead with a 10 kilowatt Bergey wind turbine.

Step one in the process is clearing the site where the turbine will be installed. That took much of my weekend. (There is something cathartic about clearing land. I always experience a degree of absolute physical exhaustion that is uncharacteristic of any other type of exercise.)

The next step in the process is permitting. Vermont has been sadly hostile to wind power, though residential turbines are much simpler to get approved than commercial installations. Recently a new law was passed that guarantees any electricity generated by a residential turbine must be purchased by the local utility at $.20 a kilowatt hour. This is called net-metering, and it's not a bad deal considering that here in Vermont we pay between $.10 and $.13 for the energy we purchase. Solar gets an even better deal at $.30 a kilowatt hour.

To read the full article: http://www.seventhgeneration.com/learn/inspiredprotagonist/my-wind-turbine-part-1?source=email&utm_source=bronto&utm_medium=email&utm_term=READ+MORE+&utm_content=fidyl%40yahoo.com&utm_campaign=7Gen+-+June+24%2C+2009+-+Non-Nation

Wednesday, June 10, 2009

The Problem With Really Complicated Ideas to Make Dirty Energy Clean

The Problem With Really Complicated Ideas to Make Dirty Energy Clean
by Ezra Klein



I'd meant to link to this the other day, but Eugene Robinson is saying very sensible things about efforts to "capture" the carbon emissions generated by coal plants.

[W]ould the stuff stay down there? The whole point of the exercise, remember, would be to keep the carbon dioxide from getting into the atmosphere, where it would contribute to climate change. The idea is to confine it in specific types of geological formations that would contain it indefinitely. But scientists acknowledge that they can't be certain that the carbon dioxide will never migrate.

Scientists and engineers will have to prove that the possibility of a sudden, catastrophic carbon dioxide release from a storage site is exceedingly remote. I say "catastrophic" because carbon dioxide is heavier than air, and a ground-hugging cloud would suffocate anyone it enveloped. That is what happened in Cameroon in 1986, when naturally occurring carbon dioxide trapped at the bottom of Lake Nyos erupted and killed 1,746 people in nearby villages. Presumably, storage sites would not be located near population centers.

To read the full article:
http://voices.washingtonpost.com/ezra-klein/2009/06/the_problem_with_really_compli.html

Making Waves: Why Getting Power from the Ocean Is So Tough

Making Waves: Why Getting Power from the Ocean Is So Tough
By Keith Johnson
June 9, 2009



Brian Baskin reports:

If interest in anything smacking of clean energy is so high, why are ocean energy projects still waiting for the tide to come in?

In theory, generating power from the ocean’s waves seems like an easy sell. It’s a potentially massive, clean, domestic, constant source of energy that doesn’t depend on the vagaries of the weather or unsightly turbines. State governments—and soon, the federal government—are encouraging and mandating greater use of clean energy.

Yet the same utilities and investors that tinkered with wind and solar farms for decades aren’t showing the same patience for waves.

“The window for true innovation will only be open for so long…and then the demand for renewable energy will be filled by existing technologies,” said Ed Feo, head of the renewables practice at the law firm Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy, in an e-mail. “I hope the window for (wave) energy doesn’t close before the industry has products ready for prime time.”

Wave power faces four primary obstacles. It’s very immature technology—there are about 80 different ways to snatch electricity from the ocean, and not all of them will be winners.

To read the full article:
http://blogs.wsj.com/environmentalcapital/2009/06/09/making-waves-why-getting-power-from-the-ocean-is-so-tough/

Thursday, April 16, 2009

Algae Could 'Supply Entire World with Aviation Fuel'

BOEING EXECUTIVE
Algae Could 'Supply Entire World with Aviation Fuel'
04/15/2009

http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/0,1518,618859,00.html#ref=nlint

Although oil prices have fallen rapidly, the airline industry is still clamouring for alternative fuel sources. In an interview with SPIEGEL ONLINE, chief Boeing environmental strategist Billy Glover explains how a giant mass of algae may fuel jets in the future.

SPIEGEL ONLINE: Mr. Glover, given the current low price of oil, why would airlines still even be interested in biofuels?

Glover: Indeed, the oil price has changed rapidly. But it has done that many times before and it will continue to do so. Even today, the highest operating expense for an airline is fuel. It remains a priority to find a way to mitigate that situation. That is why Boeing is trying to open up this avenue of alternative fuel. It can help that situation while having a better environmental performance at the same time.

Japan Airlines is one of the first to have conducted test flights with jets using biofuels.
AFP

Japan Airlines is one of the first to have conducted test flights with jets using biofuels.

To read the full article: http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/0,1518,618859,00.html#ref=nlint

Friday, March 20, 2009

Energy Contributing To Massive Bird Decline

Energy contributing to birds' decline
Buzz UpSendSharePrint
By DINA CAPPIELLO
Associated Press Writer

http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090320/ap_on_go_ot/energy_birds

WASHINGTON – Energy production of all types — wind, ethanol and mountaintop coal mining — is contributing to steep drops in bird populations, a new government report says.
The first-of-its-kind report chronicles a four-decade decline in many of the country's bird populations and provides many reasons for it, from suburban sprawl to the spread of exotic species to global warming.
It shows that birds in Hawaii are more in danger of becoming extinct than anywhere else in the United States. In the last 40 years, populations of birds living on prairies, deserts and at sea have declined between 30 percent and 40 percent.
But in almost every case, energy production has also played a role.
Environmentalists and scientists say the report should signal the Obama administration to act cautiously as it seeks to expand renewable energy production and the electricity grid on public lands and tries to harness wind energy along the nation's coastlines.
"We need to go into these energies with our environmental eyes open," said John Fitzpatrick, the director of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, which helped draft the report along with nonprofit advocacy groups. "We need to attend to any form of energy development, not just oil and gas."
Many of the bird groups with the most rapid declines in the last 40 years inhabit areas with the greatest potential for energy development.
Among the energy-bird conflicts cited by the report:
• More than half of the monitored bird species that live on prairies have experienced population losses. These birds, such as the lesser prairie chicken, are threatened by farmers converting grasslands into corn fields to meet demand for biofuels.
• In the Arctic, where two-thirds of all shorebirds are species of concern, melting ice brought about by climate change could open up more areas to oil and gas production. Studies show that trash near drilling rigs attracts gulls that prey on other species.
• Mountaintop coal mining in Appalachia clears patches of forest contributing to the decline of birds like the cerulean warbler that breeds and forests in treetops.
The U.S. State of Birds report, released by the Interior Secretary Ken Salazar on Tuesday, was requested in October 2007 by President George W. Bush.
The report did not indicate whether one form of energy production is more detrimental than the other.

Sunday, March 15, 2009

Renewable Energy Firms Hit by Solar Subsidies Freeze

Renewable energy firms hit by solar subsidies freeze
Government accused of undermining its own environment strategy as money sits idle in low carbon buildings programme budget
by Terry Macalister
guardian.co.uk, Thursday 12 March 2009

http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/mar/12/renewableenergy-carbonfootprints/print
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/mar/12/renewableenergy-carbonfootprints

Renewable energy companies have accused the government of undermining its own "green" industrial strategy by ending subsidies for solar energy under the low carbon buildings programme (LCBP).

The Renewable Energy Association (REA) said it was "astonishing" and worrying that solar grants had been frozen since 26 February although there was still money in the building programme's budget.

"This latest disaster in the low carbon buildings programme is completely at odds with the green new deal we hear so much about," said Philip Wolfe, the director general of the REA.

"We are talking about relatively small sums to support UK manufacturing, technological innovation and local jobs. This is an industry with a very bright future and a key contributor to the low-carbon future we are aiming for," he added.

Last December an extra £7m was allocated to fund solar projects under the LCBP to tide it over until the programme closed but this cash was used up by the end of last month.

The REA claims a further £12m-£15m still remains in the wider programme budget and predicts that £8m of that will remain unspent by the end of the programme at the current rate of take-up. The Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) has said the programme will not be extended and any funds left over will be sent back to the Treasury, according to Wolfe.

The government department, which only days ago launched a new green industrial strategy with great ministerial fanfare, denied last night that any definite decision had been made about the cash that was still available inside the LCBP budget.

"We recognise that the popularity of the low carbon buildings programme has led to an over-subscription in solar PV applications," said a spokesperson. "We are discussing with industry what options are open to us to address this. From 1 April people who install small-scale energy equipment like solar panels or wind turbines will be able to claim double the financial support through the renewables obligation and from April next year we will introduce a new system of guaranteed cash payments."

The REA said it had warned the DECC of the funding gap in early February.

"The end of the LCBP will leave many REA members in limbo with no funding as the recession bites. It is imperative that the tariffs are implemented as soon as possible and that the renewable electricity and heat tariffs are introduced together by 2010 at the latest. Otherwise the industry is looking at a serious funding gap and contraction as some firms are unable to stay afloat," it added.

Friday, March 13, 2009

US Seeks To Spur Renewable Energy on Public Lands

U.S. seeks to spur renewable energy on public lands
By Ayesha Rascoe
Wed Mar 11, 2009

http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSTRE52A64Q20090311
http://www.reuters.com/articlePrint?articleId=USTRE52A64Q20090311

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The U.S. Interior Department on Wednesday said it has created a special task force to speed the development of renewable energy projects on federal lands.

"More so than ever, with job losses continuing to mount, we need to steer the country onto a new energy path," said Interior Secretary Ken Salazar.

The task force will identify specific zones on public lands where the department can act rapidly to create large-scale production of solar, wind, geothermal and biomass energy.

"We will assign a high priority to identifying renewable energy zones and completing the permitting and appropriate environmental review of transmission rights-of-way applications that are necessary to deliver renewable energy generation to consumers," Salazar said. "We have to connect the sun of the deserts and the wind of the plains with the places where people live."

The department will have to coordinate its efforts with other government agencies involved with energy and electricity transmission policy, including the Energy Department and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

Interior is also moving forward with finalizing regulations for offshore renewable energy production, but the department will have to work with FERC to sort out which agency is responsible for issuing permits for offshore wind energy.

"We ought not to let the jurisdictional bureaucracy get in the way of the ultimate agenda," Salazar said. "We need to get it done."

The department manages one-fifth of the U.S. landmass and over 1.7 billion offshore acres.

Environmental groups applauded the department's decision to make renewable energy a priority.

"Secretary Salazar has laid the foundation for our nation's entrepreneurs to harness the planet's wind, sun, heat and other renewable energy sources in a manner that safeguards the wildlife and natural resources that help keep American communities healthy, safe, and prosperous," Wilderness Society President Bill Meadows said in a statement.

Renewable energy firms hit by solar subsidies freeze

Renewable energy firms hit by solar subsidies freeze
Government accused of undermining its own environment strategy as money sits idle in low carbon buildings programme budget
by Terry Macalister
guardian.co.uk
Thursday 12 March 2009

http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/mar/12/renewableenergy-carbonfootprints/print
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/mar/12/renewableenergy-carbonfootprints

Renewable energy companies have accused the government of undermining its own "green" industrial strategy by ending subsidies for solar energy under the low carbon buildings programme (LCBP).

The Renewable Energy Association (REA) said it was "astonishing" and worrying that solar grants had been frozen since 26 February although there was still money in the building programme's budget.

"This latest disaster in the low carbon buildings programme is completely at odds with the green new deal we hear so much about," said Philip Wolfe, the director general of the REA.

"We are talking about relatively small sums to support UK manufacturing, technological innovation and local jobs. This is an industry with a very bright future and a key contributor to the low-carbon future we are aiming for," he added.

Last December an extra £7m was allocated to fund solar projects under the LCBP to tide it over until the programme closed but this cash was used up by the end of last month.

The REA claims a further £12m-£15m still remains in the wider programme budget and predicts that £8m of that will remain unspent by the end of the programme at the current rate of take-up. The Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) has said the programme will not be extended and any funds left over will be sent back to the Treasury, according to Wolfe.

The government department, which only days ago launched a new green industrial strategy with great ministerial fanfare, denied last night that any definite decision had been made about the cash that was still available inside the LCBP budget.

"We recognise that the popularity of the low carbon buildings programme has led to an over-subscription in solar PV applications," said a spokesperson. "We are discussing with industry what options are open to us to address this. From 1 April people who install small-scale energy equipment like solar panels or wind turbines will be able to claim double the financial support through the renewables obligation and from April next year we will introduce a new system of guaranteed cash payments."

The REA said it had warned the DECC of the funding gap in early February.

"The end of the LCBP will leave many REA members in limbo with no funding as the recession bites. It is imperative that the tariffs are implemented as soon as possible and that the renewable electricity and heat tariffs are introduced together by 2010 at the latest. Otherwise the industry is looking at a serious funding gap and contraction as some firms are unable to stay afloat," it added.

Despite Gloom, Promising Clean-Tech Trends

Despite Gloom, Promising Clean-Tech Trends
By Libby Tucker
March 12, 2009

http://greeninc.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/03/12/despite-gloom-promising-clean-tech-trends/

The clean energy sector grew by leaps and bounds last year - despite the global economic downturn and the brutal beating to the stock market. Revenues from the solar photovoltaics, wind power and biofuels sectors increased 53 percent in 2008, to $115.9 billion from $75.8 billion in 2007 - and are predicted to reach $325.1 billion in the next decade, according to a Clean Energy Trends report released this week.

Just don´t expect the same high-growth trend to continue in 2009, said Ron Pernick, a co-founder of Clean Edge, the West Coast technology research firm that produces the annual report. Despite the long-term promise of the renewable energy industry, Clean Edge expects revenues to "remain level or decrease slightly"until global credit markets are restored and investor confidence returns, he said.

New companies and technologies will be the hardest hit. Only 43 companies raised more than $50 million in initial public offerings (I.P.O.s) on United States stock exchanges last year, down from 272 in 2007, according to Renaissance Capital.

Fewer I.P.O.s, in turn, make it harder for venture capital firms to unload their current investments and make room in their portfolios for new companies, according to the Clean Edge report. Instead, renewable development will rely heavily this year on the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, which provides some $70 billion in direct spending and tax credits for clean energy and transportation.

"It´s not going to be a happy year for start-ups,"said Joel Makower, a co-founder of Clean Edge. The economy, he said, "will probably stifle innovation in a lot of good technologies."

Despite the gloomy outlook, five trends in particular offer emerging market opportunities in 2009 and will contribute to the growth of the clean-energy technology sector in coming years, according to the report.

The merging of Internet technology with the nation´s electric grid to create a smart grid will lead to a network of new devices by companies like BPL Global and GridPoint.

Long-distance transmission lines are also in high demand to connect renewable resources in rural areas to population centers, and energy storage technologies, like large-scale lithium-ion batteries and compressed air systems, produced by Deeya Energy, General Compression and others, are in demand by utilities that mange wind and solar resources.

Clean Edge also predicts the expansion of micropower, or small-scale power production at homes or businesses through solar installations, co-generation or other means. And new international markets for clean energy are forming in countries like Belarus, Turkey and Tunisia.

Entrepreneurs are Plugging Into Renewable Energy

Entrepreneurs are plugging into renewable energy
By Bruce Henderson
bhenderson@charlotteobserver.com
Monday, Mar. 09, 2009

http://www.charlotteobserver.com/business/story/585305.html

[Read comments:
http://www.charlotteobserver.com/business/story/585305.html#Comments_Container ]

MILLERSVILLE For all the headaches in running a small hydroelectric power plant, Allen Haneline doesn't regret joining North Carolina's ranks of minor energy moguls.

"What it takes," he said, "is someone who loves the outdoors and likes to get wet. You get wet about every day."

Beaver-gnawed sticks float down the Lower Little River northeast of Hickory and wrap around Haneline's circa-1919 turbines, the guts of a plant he bought three years ago. "You can literally see the kilowatts fall," he said, sniffling after a recent repair.

As owner, operator and chief mechanic, he dons waders, descends into a room below the dam that leaks water with the force of a fire hose, and sets to work. Cleared of debris, the turbines whirl again and pollution-free electricity races off to Duke Energy's lines.

Haneline is among a rising number of N.C. entrepreneurs hoping to wrestle energy - and profits - from the sun, wind, water and organic wastes. Their output, called renewable energy, is still so small that it's barely measurable against the coal- and nuclear-fueled power that dominate the state.

But they have reason for optimism - and investment.

A recent law dictates a growing role for renewables in the state's energy mix, beginning next year. Generous tax credits salve the sting of investing in expensive technology. And an energy-focused president believes he can help heal the economy by developing alternatives to fossil fuels.

It's fertile ground for tinkerers chasing the next great idea.

That describes Richard and Jerry Tucker, brothers and engineers who live in Locust, 20 miles northeast of Charlotte. The Tuckers have patented a device that superheats landfill garbage, producing methane gas and carbon in a process that they say emits no pollutants.

Four-foot flames, fueled by methane, shot into the night air recently as they demonstrated their invention for potential customers and investors. The methane could generate electricity or heat homes or boilers, the Tuckers say.

"What we produce is, in a sense, a transition fuel," Jerry Tucker said. "It's a transition between foreign oil and solar, wind, hydro and geothermal energy."

Like the Tuckers, most renewable-energy firms are small, according to a recent survey by the N.C. Sustainable Energy Association.

"We get a lot of folks saying, `I've got a great idea that I built in my garage,'" said Paul Quinlan, the advocacy group's research and development director. "Some will work and some won't."

Fuel from algae

Businesses that turn algae into engine fuel and hog manure into electricity were among the first to win grants last year from the N.C. Green Business Fund.

The state-created pool of money encourages promising technologies with grants of up to $100,000. Nearly 300 grant requests poured in this year.

Homeowners are also becoming energy producers.

More than 200 owners of solar-power systems, most of them at homes, sell renewable-energy "credits" to N.C. GreenPower, a nonprofit group. Ten to 20 more join each month. Duke Energy buys electricity from about 100 small generators in the Carolinas.

But it will take commercial-scale projects for utilities to meet the state's renewable-energy mandate, the first in the Southeast when legislators approved it in 2007.

Its initial goal is modest: Renewables are to generate 3 percent of total utility sales in 2012, rising to 12.5 percent by 2021.

Specific goals for solar power begin next year. Duke has signed contracts to buy electricity from a massive solar farm to be built in Davidson County and from a Durham project that generates power from landfill gas. The company is looking for more power sources.

Some companies that specialize in solar power both install equipment and generate power for the grid.

FLS Energy in Black Mountain will build a one-megawatt solar farm and sell the electricity to Raleigh-based Progress Energy, helping the utility reach its state solar-power mandate. The company sometimes leases solar systems to property owners, allowing them to avoid up-front costs. Launched in 2006 with two people, the company employs 20 and expects its workforce to double over the next year.

"The marketplace is expanding exponentially," said president Michael Shore. "There's a lot of business opportunity."

For now, renewable energy is expensive compared to coal and nuclear plants, which cost billions to build but are relatively cheap to run. Low electric rates have made it hard for alternatives to gain a foothold in the Southeast, said Bob Leker of the State Energy Office.

Leker expects that to change as old power plants are replaced, raising electric rates, and as advances in technology lower the price of solar panels and other hardware.

Electricity from kites

In the meantime, entrepreneurs search for untapped energy like miners searching for hidden ore. In Rob Creighton's case, that means looking to the Carolina sky.

Creighton's fledgling Durham company, WindLift, makes electricity from kites. Like the Wright brothers, his laboratory is the windy Outer Banks.

Recently transplanted from Wisconsin, Creighton has a master's degree in business administration and previously worked in biotechnology.

But he quickly came to appreciate the wind's power - two kilowatts per square meter of kite in a 22 mph breeze, to be precise. His "flexible airfoil," as it is properly called, captures the wind's energy the way a sailboat does, powering a reciprocating pump or generator on the ground.

"That's the real challenge, finding ways to harness it," Creighton said. "The energy is there."

Friday, February 6, 2009

Green Energy - Our Future Depends On It

Green Energy: Our Future Depends on It
BusinessWeek reader L.J. Furman sees alternative fuels as common sense for the common good
By L.J. Furman
February 4, 2009

http://www.businessweek.com/print/bwdaily/dnflash/content/feb2009/db2009024_215385.htm
http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/feb2009/db2009024_215385.htm

In July 2008, Al Gore challenged the U.S. to generate 100% of the electricity we need using clean, renewable, sustainable sources within 10 years. "When you connect the dots," he said, "it turns out that the real solutions to the climate crisis are the very same measures needed to renew our economy and escape the trap of ever-rising energy prices." Gore connected the dots to the crises we face and drew a picture of nonsustainability. We could meet the "Gore Challenge" via the deployment of 250 gigawatts of wind generation capacity and 50 gigawatts of solar, and it would cost approximately $911 billion. But is "clean, renewable, and sustainable" energy really necessary?

I'd argue yes­—it's a business imperative. As I commented on the article "MBA Programs Go Green," "we must shift the business focus from today, tomorrow, and this quarter to the long term, [and] we must also shift the energy paradigm from fossil fuels to conservation, solar, wind, and geothermal."

The question of necessity is easy to answer. In April 2007 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Massachusetts vs. Environmental Protection Agency and Environmental Defense Fund vs. Duke Energy that the EPA must regulate carbon emissions unless it presents scientific proof that greenhouse gases do not contribute to global climate change, and that the EPA must regulate companies that build new or renovate existing power plants and factories under the "new source review" provision of the Clean Air Act. On Nov. 13, 2008, the Environmental Appeals Board (EAB) of the EPA ruled that the EPA had "no valid reason for refusing to limit" carbon dioxide emissions from new coal-fired power plants. The EPA said it will abide by the 2007 Supreme Court decisions and limit carbon emissions from new and proposed coal plants. We need alternatives to fossil fuels, if for no other reason than to obey the law.
Green Calculations

T. Boone Pickens forecasts the costs of the wind farms he wants to build in Texas at $2 billion per gigawatt. The 500 kilowatt solar array in place at the Atlantic County Utility Authority cost approximately $3.25 million, $6.5 billion per gigawatt. The New York Times estimates the cost of new nuclear capacity at $8 billion per gigawatt, not counting the costs of fuel, waste management, or government oversight.

We generate electricity by burning fossil fuels, controlling nuclear fission, putting solar panels in the path of sunlight, and harnessing winds, waterfalls, ocean currents, and the heat of the earth. Like fossil fuel and nuclear plants, geothermal plants use heat to generate steam, which turns a turbine, transforming heat into electricity. Traditional hydroelectric plants, like those at Niagara Falls and the Grand Coulee Dam, harness the kinetic energy in waterfalls. New designs can harness the kinetic energy in tides, waves, and ocean currents. Wind farms harness the kinetic energy in winds. These transform kinetic energy into electricity. Photovoltaic solar systems harness sunlight via the photoelectric effect to create electricity much the way green plants harness sunlight.
Harness, Don't Consume

These technologies harness a process rather than consume a resource. When we use a process, such as putting a photovoltaic module in sunlight and allowing the photoelectric effect to generate an electric potential, or we put a turbine in the path of a wind or water current, it is as if we have harnessed a horse or hitched a ride on a train that is running regardless of our presence as a passenger. Solar modules will degrade over time. Wind and other kinetic energy turbines need to be maintained, just as nuclear and fossil fuel plants degrade and must be maintained. But solar modules and kinetic energy turbines are not consumed in the manner of coal, oil, or nuclear fuel rods.

Harnessing sunlight, the kinetic energy of winds and water, and the earth's heat produce energy without fuels. No fuel transport, no greenhouse gases to sequester; no mercury, no radioactive wastes to store and manage. There are no solar mines, wind mines, or hydro-fuel wells.
Learning from Johnny Appleseed

Apple trees produce apples. You can eat the apples year after year or chop down the tree and burn the wood to stay warm or build furniture. But you won't get more apples. When we consume a resource as fuel, we use some of the energy, waste some, and release by-products into the biosphere. This is inefficient, expensive, nonrenewable, and nonsustainable.

Gore noted that "enough solar energy falls on the surface of the earth every 40 minutes to meet 100% of the entire world's energy needs for a full year. And enough wind power blows through the Midwest corridor every year to meet 100% of U.S. electricity demand." To look at our old energy paradigm via this apple tree analogy, we have been chopping down the apple trees and burning them for fuel. Harnessing sunlight, winds, waterfalls, ocean currents, and geothermal energy is like planting apple trees and using the apples as our energy source. Johnny Appleseed would approve.

Thursday, January 29, 2009

Cut Bills & Emissions with Geothermal

Cutting Bills and Emissions with Geothermal
By Pete Hildebrandt

http://www.emagazine.com/view/?4508&printview&imagesoff
http://www.emagazine.com/view/?4508

W hile politicians have been arguing over drilling in the Arctic and along the coasts, an “underground” energy movement has been quietly taking shape. Last August, Google’s philanthropic group Google.org announced it was investing over 10 million dollars in an energy technology called Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). Google’s initiative, called RE

Geothermal’s selling point is that it can deliver vast quantities of power at all times: There’s no waiting for the wind to blow or sun to shine. And, it can be captured almost anywhere on the planet. EGS involves drilling a well miles into the earth’s hot crust and circulating a fluid through pipes back to the surface where the hot water and steam then power a turbine that creates electricity. The world’s first commercial EGS plant is underway in Australia.

The Home Version

While we’re waiting for enhanced geothermal to show up in large-scale energy production in America, the home version is well underway. About six million people in the U.S. get energy from geothermal applications—nearly half from geothermal plants in the West, and the other half from direct-use and geothermal heat pumps. Also known as ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs), geothermal heat pumps use a similar concept as an EGS plant, only on a much smaller scale. Because the upper 10 feet of the earth maintains an almost constant temperature between 50° and 60°F (10°-16°C), the pumps exchange air with the ground to heat and cool buildings.

During installation, 200-300-foot holes are drilled into the yard and pipes are inserted vertically, or pipe is laid out horizontally about six feet under the ground. Water is circulated through the pipes, and is exchanged in a heat pump about the size of a medium refrigerator inside the house.

Though the initial cost of installation is sometimes two to three times greater than that of an electric heat pump, the savings in electricity brings a payback of three to eight years (two to three years for commercial buildings). Thereafter, homeowners will enjoy a 25%-65% reduction in heating and cooling electricity costs for the life of the system—about 25 years for the unit and 50 years for the ground loop. There is a positive cash flow, since the energy savings usually exceed payment on the system, according to the International Ground Source Heat Pump Association (IGSHP).

Demand Is Growing

Ground-source heat pumps only use electricity to move heat, not produce it, so a GSHP typically supplies four to five kilowatts of heat for every kilowatt of electricity used. Three to four of these kilowatts of heat come directly from the earth itself, and are clean, free and renewable. According to the IGSHP, these heat pumps also minimize ozone layer destruction by using factory-sealed refrigeration systems, which will seldom if ever have to be recharged. And because the system doesn’t rely on outside air, it keeps a home’s inside air cleaner and free from pollens, outdoor pollutants, mold spores and other allergens.

Demand for GSHPs is increasing at a rate of about 20% per year, according to the Geo-Heat Center at the Oregon Institute of Technology. That kind of growth is about all the industry can handle for now: A recent New York Times article brought to light the struggle the industry is having in keeping up with demand for the machinery, contractors, drillers and other trained workers.

For Houses Old and New

A GSHP makes sense for a new home, since the cost of the heat pump is figured into the mortgage. Homeowners who are planning to retrofit their homes with renewable energy often first think of solar, but a GSHP may be a better first choice, says Brian Henderson of Envinity, Inc., a green design and construction company in State College, Pennsylvania. GSHPs can take care of about half of the hot water needs of a household, as well as dehumidifying the home, so once the GSHP is up and running (which it does very quietly), it’s easier to get an idea of how much solar would be needed to take care of the rest of the electric load.

According to the U.S. Department of Energy, about 64% of a home’s energy consumption is for heating, cooling and hot water. A GSHP might just be the answer to the vital need to conserve that energy, and give new meaning to the cry of “Drill, baby, drill.”

PETER HILDEBRANDT writes extensively on energy and science issues.

- - -

CONTACTS

International GroundSource Heat Pump Association
http://www.igshpa.okstate.edu/

Google REhttp://www.google.org/rec.html

Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium
http://www.geoexchange.org/

The Geo-Heat Center at the Oregon Institute of Technology
http://geoheat.oit.edu/

Envinity, Inc.
http://www.envinity.com/

Friday, January 23, 2009

San Fran Publishes Guide to Energy Efficient, Low Mercury Lighting Sources

San Francisco Publishes Guide to Energy Efficient, Low-Mercury Lighting
Source: SF Environment
December 11, 2008


http://www.responsiblepurchasing.org/news/news_detail.php?config[r311][instance_\
uid]=191

Finding green lighting just got easier, thanks to the City of San Francisco's
new "SF Approved Lighting" guide. The guide will help institutional purchasers
of bulbs, tubes, or ballasts to:

* Find over 700 energy-efficient, long-lasting lighting that has the least
amount of toxic mercury.
* Replace incandescent bulbs with LEDs or compact fluorescent lights (CFLs)
and save about $30 or more in electricity costs over each CFL’s lifetime.
* Safely dispose of lighting.

The comprehensive list is the first resource in the nation to list mercury
levels of lightbulbs by major manufacturers--who are not themselves required to
indicate how much toxic mercury is in their products.

San Francisco City Departments are required to purchase only "SF Approved"
lighting from this list, screened for their environmental benefits, cost,
reduced toxicity, and performance. The list is available online for others to
use as well.

View San Francisco's Approved Lighting Products list
http://www.sfenvironment.org/downloads/library/sf_approved_lamps._103108_small_f\
ile.pdf


###

Learn more about how to choose energy efficient, non-toxic lighting with RPN's
Responsible Purchasing Guide for Lighting. This guide covers fluorescent lamps,
including compact fluorescent bulbs, ballasts and tubes and outlines best
practices for a responsible lighting system.
http://www.responsiblepurchasing.org/purchasing_guides/lighting/index.php

Monday, December 29, 2008

7 Things you can do to save the rainforest

7 things you can do to save the rainforest

http://www.certisource.co.uk/Press_Articles/Article_Archive/articles/7%20things%20you%20can%20do%20to%20save%20the%20rainforest%20by%20the%20rainforest%20action%20network.htm

1) reduce your paper and wood consumption.
Logging companies are cutting down some of the most endangered forests on the planet to make wood and paper products such as office paper, phone books, toilet paper, window trim, lawn furniture, and 2 x 4's. Over seventy-eight percent of the Earth's original old growth forests have already been logged or degraded.

You can help reduce the pressure on our remaining forests by taking simple steps to reduce your own wood and paper use. For example, use both sides of each piece of paper, use your own cloth bags at the grocery store, use cloth napkins and towels, and avoid disposable paper plates and cups.

When purchasing paper products, choose products with the highest percentage of recycled content —post-consumer recycled content is the best. Choose tree-free paper alternatives if possible. Tree-free paper is made from agricultural products like waste straw, kenaf, and hemp, so not a single tree is cut down for its production!

If you are building a house or adding on to your home, utilize wood efficient building techniques and avoid old growth wood products. Learn about alternatives such as reclaimed or recycled lumber, composite lumber, and independently certified wood. See our website for more information on old growth wood alternatives.

2) reduce your oil consumption.
The burning of oil, gas, and coal is the primary cause of climate change, a trend that is threatening the stability of the global climate. Scientists have predicted that if we stay on our current path, global temperatures will rise between 2° and 9° Fahrenheit in the next century —a warming rate faster than any occurring in the last ten thousand years. In addition, oil exploration projects lead to toxic pollution and massive deforestation, posing a threat to pristine ecosystems and indigenous cultures worldwide.

You can help alleviate oil's impact on the environment by reducing your own oil and gas consumption. The next time you purchase a car, choose one that gets good gas mileage and avoid gas guzzling sports utility vehicles. If you drive somewhere regularly, start a carpool. Whenever possible, leave your car at home and instead walk, ride your bike, or take local mass transportation. Support funding for mass transportation and bike lanes —options that will serve our transportation needs and our planet much better in the long run than an ever-expanding maze of roads and highways!

3) reduce your beef consumption.
Rainforest beef is typically found in fast food hamburgers or processed beef products. In both 1993 and 1994 the U. S. imported over 200 million pounds of fresh and frozen beef from Central American countries. Two-thirds of these countries' rainforests have been cleared, in part to raise cattle whose meat is exported to profit the U. S. food industry. When it enters the U. S. the beef is not labeled with its country of origin, so there is no way to trace it to its source. Reducing your consumption of beef will reduce demand for it, cutting back on pressure to clear more forests for cattle. For more information on the connection between beef and the environment, contact Earthsave International, 1509 Seabright Avenue, Suite B1, Santa Cruz, CA 95062; 1-800-362-3648; http://www.earthsave.org/.

4) hold businesses accountable.
Corporations need to know that the public will hold them accountable for business practices that are socially or environmentally destructive. If you feel that a company's business practices are environmentally irresponsible, send the company a letter expressing your concern, or organize a boycott of the company. Below you'll find information about two companies that you can write to today to help protect the Earth's forests. To learn more about these companies, please visit our website at http://www.ran.org/.

a. Boise sells wood products from the world's most endangered forests, including the tropical rainforests of the Amazon and Southeast Asia and the temperate rainforests of Chile. Boise is also the country's largest logger of U. S. public lands. Please ask Boise to phase out its logging and distribution of old growth wood. Write to George Harad, Chairman &CEO, Boise Corporation, 1111 West Jefferson Street, PO Box 50, Boise, ID 83728.

b. Citigroup is a key financial player in many of the world's most destructive projects, including construction of the Chad/Cameroon oil pipeline in Africa, the replacement of orangutan habitat with palm plantations in Indonesia, and the logging of California's Headwaters Forest. If you have a Citibank credit card, cut it up! Mail the cut up card back to Citibank in your next bill statement, and let them know why you no longer want to be a customer. If you are not a Citigroup customer, let them know that you will never be a customer unless they change their business practices. Call Citigroup at 1-800-456-4277 or write to Mr. Sandy Weill, Chairman and CEO, Citigroup, 153 East 53rd Street, New York, New York 10043.

5) invest in rainforest communities.
RAN's Protect-an-Acre Program was created to protect the world's rainforests and to support the rights of rainforest communities. The Protect-an-Acre Program is an alternative to "buy-an-acre" programs, which tend to ignore the fact that there are often people who depend on the forest and have lived in the forest sustainably for centuries. Protect-an-Acre provides funding to help forest peoples gain legal recognition of their territories, develop locally-based alternative economic initiatives, and resist destructive practices such as logging and fossil fuel development. For information about how you can support the Protect-an-Acre program, visit the Protect-an-Acre section of our website.

6) Support the grassroots.
In 1999, Home Depot, the single largest retailer of lumber in the world, agreed to phase out its sales of old growth wood. This victory was a direct result of the hard work of grassroots activists, who staged more than six hundred demonstrations at Home Depot stores across the U. S. and Canada. You can play a critical role in future victories by joining or starting a Grassroots Action Group in your area! Contact RAN's Grassroots Coordinator at 415-398-4404 or organize@ran.org for help in finding a local group or advice on starting your own group. Equally important, help protect the forests in your region by getting involved with a local forest preservation group.

7) support Rainforest Action Network.
Rainforest Action Network is an effective, hard-hitting organization. In 1985, RAN launched a nationwide boycott of Burger King, which was importing cheap beef from tropical rainforest countries. Two years later, Burger King canceled thirty-five million dollars worth of beef contracts and agreed to stop importing beef from the rainforest. RAN then led a global consumer boycott against Mitsubishi, which resulted in Mitsubishi Motor Sales America and Mitsubishi Electric America committing to unprecedented environmental reviews of their business activities. Most recently, as a result of a two year campaign led by RAN, the nation's top home improvement etailers and largest home builders agreed to phase out the sale and use of wood from the Earth's endangered forests. None of these victories would have been possible without the support of our members. To join RAN, please call us at (415) 398-4404 or join online!

Resources for more information
Breeden, Stanley. Visions of a Rainforest: A Year in Australia’s Tropical Rainforest. Ten Speed Press, 1993.

Brown, Lester R. State of the World: A Worldwatch Institute Report on Progress Toward a Sustainable Society. W. W. Norton & Company, published yearly.

Caufield, Catherine. In the Rainforest. University of Chicago Press, 1984.

Forsyth, Adrian and Ken Miyata. Tropical Nature: Life and Death in the Rain Forests of Central and South America. MacMillan Publishing Co., 1987.

Hawken, Paul. The Ecology of Commerce: A Declaration of Sustainability. HarperBusiness, 1993.

Korten, David C. When Corporations Rule the World. Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 1996.

Rifkin, Jeremy. Beyond Beef: The Rise and Fall of Cattle Culture. Dutton/Penguin, 1992.

Schoonmaker, Peter K., Bettina Von Hagen and Edward C. Wolf, eds. The Rain Forests of Home: Profile of a North American Bioregion. Island Press, 1997.

Rainforestweb.org: http://www.rainforestweb.org/

Rainforest Action Network: http://www.ran.org/

World Resources Institute: http://www.wri.org/

Worldwatch Institute: http://www.worldwatch.org

Gaia Forest Conservation Archives: http://forests.org/

Monday, November 24, 2008

Who Will Help? - by Heather Havey, M.A.

"Who Will Help?" by Heather Havey, M.A.

This is the vow for the Friends of Compassionate Earth Awareness, a group of people who have devoted themselves to caring for and honoring Earth and all of its inhabitants. To join this group, please visit their site at www.ourbelovedearth.com/friends.html

Who will help the animals?
Who will help stop the poisoning of the Earth?
Who will help the rivers that are filled with pollution?
Who will help the oceans that are heating up?
Who will help the trees that are being cut down?
Who will help the air that is being filled with poisons and greenhouse gases?
Who will help all the reefs that are bleaching and dying?
Who will help promote alternative energy - solar power, wind power, geothermal power?
Who will help promote local organic farms and farmers? Who will help people to be treated with kindness, care, and respect? Who will help to feed everyone? Who will help to bring comfort? Who will help us all to learn ways of living that honor all life and create beauty, rather than harm or destruction? Who will spread the idea of peace through kindness? Who will spread love rather than fear in this world?

Who will help? This is your answer...Say to yourself....


Who will help the animals? I will help.
Who will help stop the poisoning of the Earth? I will help.
Who will help the rivers that are filled with pollution? I will help.
Who will help the oceans that are heating up? I will help.
Who will help the trees that are being cut down? I will help.
Who will help the air that is being filled with poisons and greenhouse gases? I will help.
Who will help all the reefs that are bleaching and dying? I will help.
Who will help promote alternative energy - solar power, wind power, geothermal power? I will help.
Who will help promote local organic farms and farmers? I will help.
Who will help people to be treated with kindness, care, and respect? I will help.
Who will help to feed everyone? I will help.
Who will help to bring comfort? I will help.
Who will help us all to learn ways of living that honor all life and create beauty, rather than harm or destruction? I will help.
Who will spread the idea of peace through kindness? I will help.
Who will spread love rather than fear in this world? I will help.

We cannot expect random overstressed politicians to save the world. We ALL must save the world, one person and one animal and one plant at a time. Our world is a Garden of Eden and we treat it like it is a fallen, sinful place; this is our greatest error. Our world is our greatest gift, and it is healed and upheld in its true essence when we live as Christ and the great spiritual teachers live: LIVE LOVE.

Every choice you make - makes a difference!
Please make a vow to yourself, that you will practice making a difference.
The world REALLY needs your help.
The world REALLY needs your love and care.
This means - the world really needs your compassionate ACTION. With your every step, your every choice, you either help or you harm. Just try; do the best you can. Try harder. Put your passion into it. You can do amazing things! When you throw one starfish back into the ocean,
you save that one starfish's life. Every life makes a difference. Every choice makes a difference.

This is a choice to live from a deep place of spirit - faith - and courage, rather than from the fear that most of the world lives by. This is the place that motivates all the great spiritual leaders of our world: Jesus, Buddha, Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr, and so so many more. You can live this way also. Every moment of kindness makes a difference; the world needs your love and care.

Please join us. Make a vow: "I will help." We are the Friends for Compassionate Earth Awareness; join us. There is no cost. It is simply a vow that you will care for the life around you. This will be our shared passion, action, and mission, and together we can inspire each other. It will be a never-ending process, for there is much love and care that is needed in our world.

For more information, please see www.ourbelovedearth.com or www.peacethroughkindness.com.

Thursday, November 20, 2008

Obama Cites Global Warming, Renewable Energy as Top Priorities

We already knew that President elect Barack Obama is serious about tackling climate change and switching this country to renewable energy as quickly as possible. Tuesday, in a surprise video appearance at an international conference on climate change convened by California Gov. Schwarzennegger, Obama reconfirmed his dedication to both issues.

Obama addressed the audience in taped remarks repeating his campaign promises to reduce greenhouse gases by 80% by 2050, and invest $150 billion in new energy-saving technologies. Watch the video below:

From The New York Times:

“Now is the time to confront this challenge once and for all,” Mr. Obama said. “Delay is no longer an option. Denial is no longer an acceptable response.”

“My presidency will mark a new chapter in America’s leadership on climate change that will strengthen our security and create millions of new jobs in the process,” Mr. Obama said.

State officials and environmental advocates were cheered that Mr. Obama choose to address climate change as only the second major policy area he has discussed as president-elect. In a press conference and television interview last week he said that his first priority as president will be to revitalize the economy.

This is great news for people who feared that the need to focus on the economy would, by necessity, put global warming and renewable energy on the back burner. Those of us in favor of the Green Collar Economy idea, however, are well aware that finding a solution to these three issues means addressing all at once. Now, we’re just waiting for Obama to offer a high-level position in his administration to Van Jones,

Link [The New York Times]

Thursday, November 13, 2008

Offshore wind power could alter ocean currents

Offshore wind power could alter ocean currents
Change is small but was enough to cause upwelling, according to study
By Michael Reilly
Discovery Channel
updated 2:07 p.m. ET, Wed., Nov. 12, 2008

Generating wind power at sea may disturb ocean currents and marine ecosystems, according to a new study.

Offshore wind farms are common in Europe; Denmark, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom all have several active installations. Wind power in the United States is currently confined to dry land, but three installations are planned off the coast of New Jersey, Rhode Island and Delaware, totaling about 1,500 megawatts of generating capacity.

Extracting energy from wind changes regional air currents, which can in turn affect how the nearby ocean circulates, according to Goran Brostrom of the Norwegian Meteorological Institute in Oslo.

In a paper published this month in Journal of Marine Systems, Brostrom shows in a model that winds swirling at 11 to 22 miles per hour downwind of large farms are uneven. As they blow over the ocean they can roil the waters, causing upwelling.

The change in currents seems small — a nudge of just 3.3 feet per day — and the wind farms have to be around 1.9 square miles. But Brostrom said the effect is enough to bring nutrient-rich waters up from the depths, which marine life can thrive on.

"I think you will see a large effect over time," he said. "You will get more plankton blooming, and you will see more vibrant life overall at that place."

Plankton blooms are infamous for causing toxic red tides and for sucking oxygen out of the water. But they can also be food sources for larger animals.

"Whether or not this is a good thing is a matter of debate," Brostrom said. Though he stressed that the goal for any man-made object should be to minimize environmental impact, he added: "I'm an optimist; I think this could be beneficial to local fisheries."

Such dreams of wind farms enriching ocean wildlife — or impacting it in any way — may be a bit premature, said Michael Dvorak of Stanford University. For one thing, all current farms are situated in water far shallower than the 98-foot depth assumed in Brostrom's paper. Some deeper farms have been proposed, but maintenance costs skyrocket the further from shore windmills are.

And Brostrom's study is a very general model — ocean currents and marine life could be affected in very different ways depending on the location of the farm.

"If you want to understand how ocean currents are really going to be affected, you'll want to include the bathymetry at the site," Dvorak said, referring to analysis of underwater depth, as well as do a detailed, specific study of the area's ecosystem.

Still, Dvorak pointed out Brostrom's study raises a point no one in the wind power industry had yet considered.

"People have looked at the climate effects of wind farms on land, but this is the first to bring up the question of ocean currents," he said. "This is something we should be looking at."
© 2008 Discovery Channel

URL: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27681666/

Thursday, October 30, 2008

Solar Dish Collects, Concentrates Solar Energy by Factor of 1000

Solar Dish Collects, Concentrates Solar Energy by Factor of 1,000
by David Gutierrez

Source: Natural News - Solar Dish Collects, Concentrates Solar Energy by Factor of 1,000


(NaturalNews) A successful test has been carried out of a new prototype solar dish that concentrates solar rays by 1,000 times, creating what inventor Doug Wood has called "the most efficient solar collector in existence."

The device is a 12-foot-wide dish made from thin, mirrored aluminum tubing and strips of mirrored glass. Water runs through the center of the dish in a coil of tubing, which is painted black for maximum heat absorption.

The collector is so effective at focusing light that when it is pointed directly at the sun, the water in the middle instantly vaporizes into steam. The prototype has also been used to set a plank of wood on fire, and researchers believe that it should be able to generate enough heat to melt steel.

Wood has signed over the rights to the device's design to a team of MIT students, who built the prototype and have launched a company to mass produce the devices. The company, RawSolar, hopes to use heat generated by the collector to produce steam for electricity generation, industrial processing, or heating or cooling buildings.

Wood spoke approvingly of the changes that the students had made to his design

"They really have simplified this and made it user-friendly, so anybody can build it," he said.

Unlike with many alternative energy sources, large-scale production is not required to make the solar dishes cost-efficient, Wood said. Because the materials to make the device are so cheap and because larger dishes require a larger, more expensive support structure, small dishes actually costs only one-third as much as large ones for every unit of collecting area.

"I've looked for years at a variety of solar approaches, and this is the cheapest I've seen," said David Pelly of MIT. "And the key thing in scaling it globally is that all of the materials are inexpensive and accessible anywhere in the world."

Sources for this story include: www.foxnews.com; web.mit.edu.
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