Tuesday, October 14, 2008
124 ways sugar can ruin your health
124 Ways Sugar Can Ruin Your Health
by Nancy Appleton, Ph.D.
http://www.nancyappleton.com
Author of the book "Lick The Sugar Habit"
In addition to throwing off the body's homeostasis, excess sugar may
result in a number of other significant consequences. The following
is a listing of some of sugar's metabolic consequences from a variety
of medical journals and other scientific publications.
Sugar can suppress the immune system
Sugar upsets the mineral relationships in the body
Sugar can cause hyperactivity, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and
crankiness in children
Sugar can produce a significant rise in triglycerides
Sugar contributes to the reduction in defense against bacterial
infection (infectious diseases)
Sugar causes a loss of tissue elasticity and function, the more sugar
you eat the more elasticity and function you loose
Sugar reduces high density lipoproteins
Sugar leads to chromium deficiency
Sugar leads to cancer of the breast, ovaries, prostrate, and rectum
Sugar can increase fasting levels of glucose
Sugar causes copper deficiency
Sugar interferes with absorption of calcium and magnesium
Sugar can weaken eyesight
Sugar raises the level of a neurotransmitters: dopamine, serotonin,
and norepinephrine
Sugar can cause hypoglycemia
Sugar can produce an acidic digestive tract
Sugar can cause a rapid rise of adrenaline levels in children
Sugar malabsorption is frequent in patients with functional bowel
disease
Sugar can cause premature aging
Sugar can lead to alcoholism
Sugar can cause tooth decay
Sugar contributes to obesity
High intake of sugar increases the risk of Crohn's disease, and
ulcerative colitis
Sugar can cause changes frequently found in person with gastric or
duodenal ulcers
Sugar can cause arthritis
Sugar can cause asthma
Sugar greatly assists the uncontrolled growth of Candida Albicans
(yeast infections)
Sugar can cause gallstones
Sugar can cause heart disease
Sugar can cause appendicitis
Sugar can cause multiple sclerosis
Sugar can cause hemorrhoids
Sugar can cause varicose veins
Sugar can elevate glucose and insulin responses in oral contraceptive
users
Sugar can lead to periodontal disease
Sugar can contribute to osteoporosis
Sugar contributes to saliva acidity
Sugar can cause a decrease in insulin sensitivity
Sugar can lower the amount of Vitamin E in the blood
Sugar can decrease growth hormone
Sugar can increase cholesterol
Sugar can increase the systolic blood pressure
Sugar can cause drowsiness and decreased activity in children
High sugar intake increases advanced glycation end products
(AGEs)(Sugar bound non- enzymatically to protein)
Sugar can interfere with the absorption of protein
Sugar causes food allergies
Sugar can contribute to diabetes
Sugar can cause toxemia during pregnancy
Sugar can contribute to eczema in children
Sugar can cause cardiovascular disease
Sugar can impair the structure of DNA
Sugar can change the structure of protein
Sugar can make our skin age by changing the structure of collagen
Sugar can cause cataracts
Sugar can cause emphysema
Sugar can cause atherosclerosis
Sugar can promote an elevation of low density lipoproteins (LDL)
High sugar intake can impair the physiological homeostasis of many
systems in the body
Sugar lowers the enzymes ability to function
Sugar intake is higher in people with Parkinson’s disease
Sugar can cause a permanent altering the way the proteins act in the
body
Sugar can increase the size of the liver by making the liver cells
divide
Sugar can increase the amount of liver fat
Sugar can increase kidney size and produce pathological changes in
the kidney
Sugar can damage the pancreas
Sugar can increase the body's fluid retention
Sugar is enemy #1 of the bowel movement
Sugar can cause myopia (nearsightedness)
Sugar can compromise the lining of the capillaries
Sugar can make the tendons more brittle
Sugar can cause headaches, including migraine
Sugar plays a role in pancreatic cancer in women
Sugar can adversely affect school children's grades and cause
learning disorders
Sugar can cause an increase in delta, alpha, and theta brain waves
Sugar can cause depression
Sugar increases the risk of gastric cancer
Sugar and cause dyspepsia (indigestion)
Sugar can increase your risk of getting gout
Sugar can increase the levels of glucose in an oral glucose tolerance
test over the ingestion of complex carbohydrates
Sugar can increase the insulin responses in humans consuming
high-sugar diets compared to low sugar diets
High refined sugar diet reduces learning capacity
Sugar can cause less effective functioning of two blood proteins,
albumin, and lipoproteins, which may reduce the body’s ability to
handle fat and cholesterol
Sugar can contribute to Alzheimer’s disease
Sugar can cause platelet adhesiveness
Sugar can cause hormonal imbalance; some hormones become underactive
and others become overactive
Sugar can lead to the formation of kidney stones
Sugar can lead to the hypothalamus to become highly sensitive to a
large variety of stimuli
Sugar can lead to dizziness
Diets high in sugar can cause free radicals and oxidative stress
High sucrose diets of subjects with peripheral vascular disease
significantly increases platelet adhesion
High sugar diet can lead to biliary tract cancer
Sugar feeds cancer
High sugar consumption of pregnant adolescents is associated with a
twofold increased risk for delivering a small-for-gestational-age
(SGA) infant
High sugar consumption can lead to substantial decrease in gestation
duration among adolescents
Sugar slows food's travel time through the gastrointestinal tract
Sugar increases the concentration of bile acids in stools and
bacterial enzymes in the colon
Sugar increases estradiol (the most potent form of naturally
occurring estrogen) in men
Sugar combines and destroys phosphatase, an enzyme, which makes the
process of digestion more dificult
Sugar can be a risk factor of gallbladder cancer
Sugar is an addictive substance
Sugar can be intoxicating, similar to alcohol
Sugar can exacerbate PMS
Sugar given to premature babies can affect the amount of carbon
dioxide they produce
Decrease in sugar intake can increase emotional stability
The body changes sugar into 2 to 5 times more fat in the bloodstream
than it does starch
The rapid absorption of sugar promotes excessive food intake in obese
subjects
Sugar can worsen the symptoms of children with attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Sugar adversely affects urinary electrolyte composition
Sugar can slow down the ability of the adrenal glands to function
Sugar has the potential of inducing abnormal metabolic processes in a
normal healthy individual and to promote chronic degenerative
diseases
I.Vs (intravenous feedings) of sugar water can cut off oxygen to the
brain
High sucrose intake could be an important risk factor in lung cancer
Sugar increases the risk of polio
High sugar intake can cause epileptic seizures
Sugar causes high blood pressure in obese people
In Intensive Care Units: Limiting sugar saves lives
Sugar may induce cell death
Sugar may impair the physiological homeostasis of many systems in
living organisms
In juvenile rehabilitation camps, when children were put on a low
sugar diet, there was a 44% drop in antisocial behavior
Sugar can cause gastric cancer
Sugar dehydrates newborns
Sugar can cause gum disease
Sugar increases the estradiol in young men
Sugar can cause low birth weight babies
----------------------------------------------------------
References
Sanchez, A., et al. Role of Sugars in Human Neutrophilic
Phagocytosis, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Nov
1973;261:1180_1184. Bernstein, J., al. Depression of Lymphocyte
Transformation Following Oral Glucose Ingestion. American Journal of
Clinical Nutrition.1997;30:613.
Couzy, F., et al."Nutritional Implications of the Interaction
Minerals," Progressive Food and Nutrition Science 17;1933:65-87.
Goldman, J., et al. Behavioral Effects of Sucrose on Preschool
Children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology.1986;14(4):565_577.
Scanto, S. and Yudkin, J. The Effect of Dietary Sucrose on Blood
Lipids, Serum Insulin, Platelet Adhesiveness and Body Weight in Human
Volunteers, Postgraduate Medicine Journal. 1969;45:602_607.
Ringsdorf, W., Cheraskin, E. and Ramsay R. Sucrose,Neutrophilic
Phagocytosis and Resistance to Disease, Dental Survey.
1976;52(12):46_48.
Cerami, A., Vlassara, H., and Brownlee, M."Glucose and Aging."
Scientific American. May 1987:90. Lee, A. T. and Cerami, A. The Role
of Glycation in Aging. Annals of the New York Academy of Science;
663:63-67.
Albrink, M. and Ullrich I. H. Interaction of Dietary Sucrose and
Fiber on Serum Lipids in Healthy Young Men Fed High Carbohydrate
Diets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1986;43:419-428.
Pamplona, R., et al. Mechanisms of Glycation in Atherogenesis. Med
Hypotheses. Mar 1993;40(3):174-81.
Kozlovsky, A., et al. Effects of Diets High in Simple Sugars on
Urinary Chromium Losses. Metabolism. June 1986;35:515_518.
Takahashi, E., Tohoku University School of Medicine, Wholistic Health
Digest. October 1982:41:00
Kelsay, J., et al. Diets High in Glucose or Sucrose and Young Women.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1974;27:926_936. Thomas, B.
J., et al. Relation of Habitual Diet to Fasting Plasma Insulin
Concentration and the Insulin Response to Oral Glucose, Human
Nutrition Clinical Nutrition. 1983; 36C(1):49_51.
Fields, M.., et al. Effect of Copper Deficiency on Metabolism and
Mortality in Rats Fed Sucrose or Starch Diets, Journal of Clinical
Nutrition. 1983;113:1335_1345.
Lemann, J. Evidence that Glucose Ingestion Inhibits Net Renal Tubular
Reabsorption of Calcium and Magnesium. Journal Of Clinical Nutrition.
1976 ;70:236_245.
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Mar 2002;48;25. Taub, H. Ed. Sugar
Weakens Eyesight, VM NEWSLETTER;May 1986:06:00
Sugar, White Flour Withdrawal Produces Chemical Response. The
Addiction Letter .Jul 1992:04:00
Dufty, William. Sugar Blues. (New York:Warner Books, 1975).
Ibid.
Jones, T. W., et al. Enhanced Adrenomedullary Response and Increased
Susceptibility to Neuroglygopenia: Mechanisms Underlying the Adverse
Effect of Sugar Ingestion in Children. Journal of Pediatrics. Feb
1995;126:171-7.
Ibid.
Lee, A. T.and Cerami A. The Role of Glycation in Aging. Annals of the
New York Academy of Science.1992;663:63-70.
Abrahamson, E. and Peget, A.. Body, Mind and Sugar. (New
York:Avon,1977.}
Glinsmann, W., Irausquin, H., and Youngmee, K. Evaluation of Health
Aspects of Sugar Contained in Carbohydrate Sweeteners. F. D. A.
Report of Sugars Task Force. 1986:39:00 Makinen K.K.,et al. A
Descriptive Report of the Effects of a 16_month Xylitol Chewing_gum
Programme Subsequent to a 40_month Sucrose Gum Programme. Caries
Research. 1998; 32(2)107_12.
Keen, H., et al. Nutrient Intake, Adiposity, and Diabetes. British
Medical Journal. 1989; 1:00 655_658
Persson P. G., Ahlbom, A., and Hellers, G. Epidemiology.
1992;3:47-52.
Yudkin, J. New York: Sweet and Dangerous.:Bantam Books:1974: 129
Darlington, L., Ramsey, N. W. and Mansfield, J. R.
Placebo_Controlled, Blind Study of Dietary Manipulation Therapy in
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lancet. Feb 1986;8475(1):236_238.
Powers, L. Sensitivity: You React to What You Eat. Los Angeles Times.
(Feb. 12, 1985). Cheng, J., et al. Preliminary Clinical Study on the
Correlation Between Allergic Rhinitis and Food Factors. Lin Chuang Er
Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi Aug 2002;16(8):393-396.
Crook, W. J. The Yeast Connection. (TN:Professional Books, 1984)..
Heaton, K. The Sweet Road to Gallstones. British Medical Journal. Apr
14, 1984; 288:00:00 1103_1104. Misciagna, G., et al. American Journal
of Clinical Nutrition. 1999;69:120-126.
Yudkin, J. Sugar Consumption and Myocardial Infarction. Lancet..Feb
6, 1971:1(7693):296-297. Suadicani, P., et al. Adverse Effects of
Risk of Ishaemic Heart Disease of Adding Sugar to Hot Beverages in
Hypertensives Using Diuretics. Blood Pressure. Mar 1996;5(2):91-71.
Cleave, T. The Saccharine Disease. (New Canaan, CT: Keats Publishing,
1974).
Erlander, S. The Cause and Cure
by Nancy Appleton, Ph.D.
http://www.nancyappleton.com
Author of the book "Lick The Sugar Habit"
In addition to throwing off the body's homeostasis, excess sugar may
result in a number of other significant consequences. The following
is a listing of some of sugar's metabolic consequences from a variety
of medical journals and other scientific publications.
Sugar can suppress the immune system
Sugar upsets the mineral relationships in the body
Sugar can cause hyperactivity, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and
crankiness in children
Sugar can produce a significant rise in triglycerides
Sugar contributes to the reduction in defense against bacterial
infection (infectious diseases)
Sugar causes a loss of tissue elasticity and function, the more sugar
you eat the more elasticity and function you loose
Sugar reduces high density lipoproteins
Sugar leads to chromium deficiency
Sugar leads to cancer of the breast, ovaries, prostrate, and rectum
Sugar can increase fasting levels of glucose
Sugar causes copper deficiency
Sugar interferes with absorption of calcium and magnesium
Sugar can weaken eyesight
Sugar raises the level of a neurotransmitters: dopamine, serotonin,
and norepinephrine
Sugar can cause hypoglycemia
Sugar can produce an acidic digestive tract
Sugar can cause a rapid rise of adrenaline levels in children
Sugar malabsorption is frequent in patients with functional bowel
disease
Sugar can cause premature aging
Sugar can lead to alcoholism
Sugar can cause tooth decay
Sugar contributes to obesity
High intake of sugar increases the risk of Crohn's disease, and
ulcerative colitis
Sugar can cause changes frequently found in person with gastric or
duodenal ulcers
Sugar can cause arthritis
Sugar can cause asthma
Sugar greatly assists the uncontrolled growth of Candida Albicans
(yeast infections)
Sugar can cause gallstones
Sugar can cause heart disease
Sugar can cause appendicitis
Sugar can cause multiple sclerosis
Sugar can cause hemorrhoids
Sugar can cause varicose veins
Sugar can elevate glucose and insulin responses in oral contraceptive
users
Sugar can lead to periodontal disease
Sugar can contribute to osteoporosis
Sugar contributes to saliva acidity
Sugar can cause a decrease in insulin sensitivity
Sugar can lower the amount of Vitamin E in the blood
Sugar can decrease growth hormone
Sugar can increase cholesterol
Sugar can increase the systolic blood pressure
Sugar can cause drowsiness and decreased activity in children
High sugar intake increases advanced glycation end products
(AGEs)(Sugar bound non- enzymatically to protein)
Sugar can interfere with the absorption of protein
Sugar causes food allergies
Sugar can contribute to diabetes
Sugar can cause toxemia during pregnancy
Sugar can contribute to eczema in children
Sugar can cause cardiovascular disease
Sugar can impair the structure of DNA
Sugar can change the structure of protein
Sugar can make our skin age by changing the structure of collagen
Sugar can cause cataracts
Sugar can cause emphysema
Sugar can cause atherosclerosis
Sugar can promote an elevation of low density lipoproteins (LDL)
High sugar intake can impair the physiological homeostasis of many
systems in the body
Sugar lowers the enzymes ability to function
Sugar intake is higher in people with Parkinson’s disease
Sugar can cause a permanent altering the way the proteins act in the
body
Sugar can increase the size of the liver by making the liver cells
divide
Sugar can increase the amount of liver fat
Sugar can increase kidney size and produce pathological changes in
the kidney
Sugar can damage the pancreas
Sugar can increase the body's fluid retention
Sugar is enemy #1 of the bowel movement
Sugar can cause myopia (nearsightedness)
Sugar can compromise the lining of the capillaries
Sugar can make the tendons more brittle
Sugar can cause headaches, including migraine
Sugar plays a role in pancreatic cancer in women
Sugar can adversely affect school children's grades and cause
learning disorders
Sugar can cause an increase in delta, alpha, and theta brain waves
Sugar can cause depression
Sugar increases the risk of gastric cancer
Sugar and cause dyspepsia (indigestion)
Sugar can increase your risk of getting gout
Sugar can increase the levels of glucose in an oral glucose tolerance
test over the ingestion of complex carbohydrates
Sugar can increase the insulin responses in humans consuming
high-sugar diets compared to low sugar diets
High refined sugar diet reduces learning capacity
Sugar can cause less effective functioning of two blood proteins,
albumin, and lipoproteins, which may reduce the body’s ability to
handle fat and cholesterol
Sugar can contribute to Alzheimer’s disease
Sugar can cause platelet adhesiveness
Sugar can cause hormonal imbalance; some hormones become underactive
and others become overactive
Sugar can lead to the formation of kidney stones
Sugar can lead to the hypothalamus to become highly sensitive to a
large variety of stimuli
Sugar can lead to dizziness
Diets high in sugar can cause free radicals and oxidative stress
High sucrose diets of subjects with peripheral vascular disease
significantly increases platelet adhesion
High sugar diet can lead to biliary tract cancer
Sugar feeds cancer
High sugar consumption of pregnant adolescents is associated with a
twofold increased risk for delivering a small-for-gestational-age
(SGA) infant
High sugar consumption can lead to substantial decrease in gestation
duration among adolescents
Sugar slows food's travel time through the gastrointestinal tract
Sugar increases the concentration of bile acids in stools and
bacterial enzymes in the colon
Sugar increases estradiol (the most potent form of naturally
occurring estrogen) in men
Sugar combines and destroys phosphatase, an enzyme, which makes the
process of digestion more dificult
Sugar can be a risk factor of gallbladder cancer
Sugar is an addictive substance
Sugar can be intoxicating, similar to alcohol
Sugar can exacerbate PMS
Sugar given to premature babies can affect the amount of carbon
dioxide they produce
Decrease in sugar intake can increase emotional stability
The body changes sugar into 2 to 5 times more fat in the bloodstream
than it does starch
The rapid absorption of sugar promotes excessive food intake in obese
subjects
Sugar can worsen the symptoms of children with attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Sugar adversely affects urinary electrolyte composition
Sugar can slow down the ability of the adrenal glands to function
Sugar has the potential of inducing abnormal metabolic processes in a
normal healthy individual and to promote chronic degenerative
diseases
I.Vs (intravenous feedings) of sugar water can cut off oxygen to the
brain
High sucrose intake could be an important risk factor in lung cancer
Sugar increases the risk of polio
High sugar intake can cause epileptic seizures
Sugar causes high blood pressure in obese people
In Intensive Care Units: Limiting sugar saves lives
Sugar may induce cell death
Sugar may impair the physiological homeostasis of many systems in
living organisms
In juvenile rehabilitation camps, when children were put on a low
sugar diet, there was a 44% drop in antisocial behavior
Sugar can cause gastric cancer
Sugar dehydrates newborns
Sugar can cause gum disease
Sugar increases the estradiol in young men
Sugar can cause low birth weight babies
----------------------------------------------------------
References
Sanchez, A., et al. Role of Sugars in Human Neutrophilic
Phagocytosis, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Nov
1973;261:1180_1184. Bernstein, J., al. Depression of Lymphocyte
Transformation Following Oral Glucose Ingestion. American Journal of
Clinical Nutrition.1997;30:613.
Couzy, F., et al."Nutritional Implications of the Interaction
Minerals," Progressive Food and Nutrition Science 17;1933:65-87.
Goldman, J., et al. Behavioral Effects of Sucrose on Preschool
Children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology.1986;14(4):565_577.
Scanto, S. and Yudkin, J. The Effect of Dietary Sucrose on Blood
Lipids, Serum Insulin, Platelet Adhesiveness and Body Weight in Human
Volunteers, Postgraduate Medicine Journal. 1969;45:602_607.
Ringsdorf, W., Cheraskin, E. and Ramsay R. Sucrose,Neutrophilic
Phagocytosis and Resistance to Disease, Dental Survey.
1976;52(12):46_48.
Cerami, A., Vlassara, H., and Brownlee, M."Glucose and Aging."
Scientific American. May 1987:90. Lee, A. T. and Cerami, A. The Role
of Glycation in Aging. Annals of the New York Academy of Science;
663:63-67.
Albrink, M. and Ullrich I. H. Interaction of Dietary Sucrose and
Fiber on Serum Lipids in Healthy Young Men Fed High Carbohydrate
Diets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1986;43:419-428.
Pamplona, R., et al. Mechanisms of Glycation in Atherogenesis. Med
Hypotheses. Mar 1993;40(3):174-81.
Kozlovsky, A., et al. Effects of Diets High in Simple Sugars on
Urinary Chromium Losses. Metabolism. June 1986;35:515_518.
Takahashi, E., Tohoku University School of Medicine, Wholistic Health
Digest. October 1982:41:00
Kelsay, J., et al. Diets High in Glucose or Sucrose and Young Women.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1974;27:926_936. Thomas, B.
J., et al. Relation of Habitual Diet to Fasting Plasma Insulin
Concentration and the Insulin Response to Oral Glucose, Human
Nutrition Clinical Nutrition. 1983; 36C(1):49_51.
Fields, M.., et al. Effect of Copper Deficiency on Metabolism and
Mortality in Rats Fed Sucrose or Starch Diets, Journal of Clinical
Nutrition. 1983;113:1335_1345.
Lemann, J. Evidence that Glucose Ingestion Inhibits Net Renal Tubular
Reabsorption of Calcium and Magnesium. Journal Of Clinical Nutrition.
1976 ;70:236_245.
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Mar 2002;48;25. Taub, H. Ed. Sugar
Weakens Eyesight, VM NEWSLETTER;May 1986:06:00
Sugar, White Flour Withdrawal Produces Chemical Response. The
Addiction Letter .Jul 1992:04:00
Dufty, William. Sugar Blues. (New York:Warner Books, 1975).
Ibid.
Jones, T. W., et al. Enhanced Adrenomedullary Response and Increased
Susceptibility to Neuroglygopenia: Mechanisms Underlying the Adverse
Effect of Sugar Ingestion in Children. Journal of Pediatrics. Feb
1995;126:171-7.
Ibid.
Lee, A. T.and Cerami A. The Role of Glycation in Aging. Annals of the
New York Academy of Science.1992;663:63-70.
Abrahamson, E. and Peget, A.. Body, Mind and Sugar. (New
York:Avon,1977.}
Glinsmann, W., Irausquin, H., and Youngmee, K. Evaluation of Health
Aspects of Sugar Contained in Carbohydrate Sweeteners. F. D. A.
Report of Sugars Task Force. 1986:39:00 Makinen K.K.,et al. A
Descriptive Report of the Effects of a 16_month Xylitol Chewing_gum
Programme Subsequent to a 40_month Sucrose Gum Programme. Caries
Research. 1998; 32(2)107_12.
Keen, H., et al. Nutrient Intake, Adiposity, and Diabetes. British
Medical Journal. 1989; 1:00 655_658
Persson P. G., Ahlbom, A., and Hellers, G. Epidemiology.
1992;3:47-52.
Yudkin, J. New York: Sweet and Dangerous.:Bantam Books:1974: 129
Darlington, L., Ramsey, N. W. and Mansfield, J. R.
Placebo_Controlled, Blind Study of Dietary Manipulation Therapy in
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lancet. Feb 1986;8475(1):236_238.
Powers, L. Sensitivity: You React to What You Eat. Los Angeles Times.
(Feb. 12, 1985). Cheng, J., et al. Preliminary Clinical Study on the
Correlation Between Allergic Rhinitis and Food Factors. Lin Chuang Er
Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi Aug 2002;16(8):393-396.
Crook, W. J. The Yeast Connection. (TN:Professional Books, 1984)..
Heaton, K. The Sweet Road to Gallstones. British Medical Journal. Apr
14, 1984; 288:00:00 1103_1104. Misciagna, G., et al. American Journal
of Clinical Nutrition. 1999;69:120-126.
Yudkin, J. Sugar Consumption and Myocardial Infarction. Lancet..Feb
6, 1971:1(7693):296-297. Suadicani, P., et al. Adverse Effects of
Risk of Ishaemic Heart Disease of Adding Sugar to Hot Beverages in
Hypertensives Using Diuretics. Blood Pressure. Mar 1996;5(2):91-71.
Cleave, T. The Saccharine Disease. (New Canaan, CT: Keats Publishing,
1974).
Erlander, S. The Cause and Cure
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